(of taste) hot or pungent
hard
laborious
suffering
eighth in order
eighth of the ten Heavenly Stems 十天干shítiāngān [十天干]
letter "H" or roman "VIII" in list "A, B, C", or "I, II, III" etc
octa
a surname
bitter in taste
bitter in experience
hardworking
miserables
to speak
to say
to explain
to scold
to tell off
a theory (usually in compounds such as 日心说 heliocentric theory)
to criticize
to try to influence someone to do something
to mean